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Mining and Staking

      The technical processes by which new coins are created and transactions are validated under both Proof-of-Work (mining) and Proof-of-Stake (staking) systems.

Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs):

    The concept of a digitized, centralized version of a nation’s fiat currency, issued and controlled by its central bank, and how it contrasts with decentralized crypto.

Scalability and Layer 2 Solutions

      The challenge of high transaction volume on major blockchains and the solutions (like sidechains or rollups) being developed to make networks faster and cheaper.